Infrecuente complicación de páncreas ectópico: obstrucción intestinal por pseudoquiste pancreático en píloro / Infrequent complication of heterotopic pancreas: intestinal obstruction by pancreatic pseudocyst in pylorus

Resumen: Presentamos un caso un hombre de 53 años con antecedentes de reflujo gastroesofágico y pirosis con varias visitas al servicio de urgencias por vómitos, con antecedentes de consumo crónico de alcohol. La TC sin y con contraste endovenoso mostró a nivel del píloro una lesion ovoidea de paredes gruesas con captación similar al tejido pancreático, con un gran componente quístico bien delimitado que condiciona una obstrucción intestinal. La ecografía confirma la presencia de una lesión quística con ecos móviles en su interior. Tras la realización de antrectomía, el estudio histológico revela un pseudoquiste pancreático sobre páncreas ectópico, siendo esta presentación muy infrecuente, con pocos casos descritos hasta la fecha. Conclusión: Los hallazgos clínico-radiológicos con TC y US de páncreas ectópico pueden orientar el diagnóstico, aunque no son concluyentes. El diagnóstico definitivo se realiza mediante estudio histológico.

Abstract: A 53 year-old male with a past history of chronic alcohol intake, presents with an intestinal obstruction. A CT scan shows an ovoid tumor in pylorus with a great cystic component, thick wall and delimited rim, causing gastric retention. Its walls have similar enhancing pattern as the pancreatic tissue. Ultrasound revealed the presence of a cystic tumor with mobile echoes inside. After antrectomy the histological study reports pancreatic pseudocyst hosted in ectopic pancreas. This is an unusual presentation and only a few cases have been reported. Conclusion: The clinical and radiographic findings of ectopic pancreas are non-specific. Definitive diagnostic requires histological study.

Pseudoquiste Pancreático como complicación de una paciente con lupus eritematoso sistémico / Pancreatic pseudocyst as a complication of a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus

Introducción: el pseudoquiste pancreático es una complicación que puede obedecer a factores traumáticos, infecciosos o inflamatorios; aunque puede aparecer a cualquier edad, frecuentemente se presenta en pacientes mayores de 40 años: Sus principales manifestaciones incluyen el dolor abdominal y la presencia de una masa tumoral abdominal. Objetivo: dar a conocer los elementos etiopatogénicos, manifestaciones clínicas y exámenes complementarios que permiten diagnosticar el pseudoquiste pancreático. Caso clínico: paciente femenina, 22 años de edad, con antecedentes de Lupus Eritematoso y que acude con manifestaciones compatibles con el diagnóstico de un pseudoquiste pancreático. Conclusiones: el pseudoquiste pancreático es considerada una complicación poco frecuente pero preocupante que puede poner en peligro la vida de los pacientes. Todos los casos a los cuales se le diagnostique alguna afección pancreática, transitoria o permanente debe tener un seguimiento estricto para advertir la presencia precoz de esta complicación y de esta forma minimizar sus posibles consecuencias para la salud humana(AU)

Introduction: the pancreatic pseudocyst is a complication that may be due to traumatic, infectious or inflammatory factors; Although it can appear at any age, it frequently occurs in patients older than 40 years: Its main manifestations include abdominal pain and the presence of an abdominal tumor mass. Objective: to present the etiopathogenic elements, clinical manifestations and complementary tests that allow to diagnose the pancreatic pseudocyst. Clinical case: female patient, 22 years old, with a history of Lupus erythematosus and who presents with manifestations compatible with the diagnosis of a pancreatic pseudocyst. Conclusions: tha pancreatic pseudocyst is considered an uncommon but worrisome complication that can endanger the life of patients. All cases in which a pancreatic, transient or permanent condition is diagnosed must have a strict follow-up to warn of the early presence of this complication and in this way minimize its possible consequences for human health(AU)

Pseudoquiste pancreático intramural gástrico en páncreas heterotópico, una causa infrecuente de retención gástrica: caso clínico / Gastric intramural pseudocyst in a heterotopic pancreas causing gastric outlet obstruction: report of one case

Heterotopic pancreas is a silent gastrointestinal malformation that may become clinically evident when complicated by inflammation and pseudocyst formation. We report a 26 year-old male presenting with vomiting, pain and abdominal distention. An abdominal CT scan showed an important gastric distention secondary to a 4-cm cystic lesion located in the antrum wall. An endosonography showed that the lesion obstructed the gastric outlet and was compatible with a pseudocyst. A cysto-gastrostomy was performed draining the cyst. Its high lipase and amylase content confirmed that it was a pancreatic pseudocyst. Six months later, the lesion appeared again and a subtotal gastrectomy was performed Histopathology confirmed ectopic pancreatic tissue.

Pseudoquiste de páncreas con extensión a mediastino / Pancreatic pseudocyst extended to the mediastinum: case report

We report a 53 years old male consulting for chest pain and dyspnea. On physical examination, an epigastric mass was detected. A TC scan showed a collection located in the omental bursa, which protruded over the posterior gastric wall and ascended to the mediastinum. Due to the presence of pancreatic calcifications, a pancreatic pseudocyst was suspected. The mediastinal cyst was drained percutaneously, leaving pig tail drainage in the cavity. Afterwards a cyst excision and Roux en Y gastrostomy was performed. After the surgical procedure the cyst became infected, requiring antimicrobials. After two weeks he was discharged in good conditions.

Los pseudoquistes de páncreas representan el 75 por ciento de las lesiones quísticas del páncreas y generalmente se circunscriben en el abdomen. Se presenta el caso de un paciente con un pseudoquiste de páncreas con extensión transhiatal a mediastino. Estos casos deben sospecharse mediante una historia clínica detallada y preguntando por antecedentes de dolor abdominal previo porque la clínica con la que se suelen manifestar es muy poco específica. El tratamiento de los pseudoquistes con extensión a mediastino debería ser el drenaje definitivo, bien de forma quirúrgica o endoscópica.

Uncomplicated spontaneous rupture of the pancreatic pseudocyst into the GUT- C T documentation: a series of two cases

Spontaneous rupture of the pancreatic pseudocyst into the surrounding hollow viscera is rare and, may be associated with life-threatening bleeding. Such cases require emergency surgical intervention. Uncomplicated rupture of pseudocyst is an even rarer occurrence. We present herein two cases of uncomplicated spontaneous rupture of a pancreatic pseudocyst into the stomach with complete resolution

Mediastinal pseudocysts in chronic pancreatitis with spontaneous resolution.

A 39 year old male, chronic alcoholic for 12 years, presented with recurrent abdominal pain for last 3 years. He was admitted in our hospital with history of breathlessness, chest pain and abdominal pain for last 20 days. On investigation he had raised total leukocyte count with elevated serum amylase and lipase. Chest radiograph showed mediastinal widening and ultrasound of abdomen revealed chronic pancreatitis with peripancreatic pseudocysts. CT scan revealed extensive phlegmonous collections with cyst formation in the mediastinum which extended from the level of thoracic inlet to below the level of the diaphragm. There were in addition multiple pancreatic and lesser sac pseudocysts. Patient was stable and was hence closely observed on conservative treatment with complete abstinence from alcohol. We performed no surgical, endoscopic or radiological interventions. A repeat CT performed after 14 weeks showed almost complete resolution of the mediastinal pseudocyst. Overall adequate conservative management and timely imaging follow-up before planning any intervention helped us to see that there can be spontaneous resolution of mediastinal pseudocysts.

Infected pseudocyst in tropical pancreatitis presenting as psoas abscess.

Infected pseudocyst as a consequence of tropical pancreatitis presenting as psoas abscess is unusual. We report a 40-year-old man who presented with pain in the right lumbar region. CT and MRI of the abdomen revealed pancreatic pseudocysts with abscess formation in the psoas muscle and evidence of chronic calcific pancreatitis. He was managed by percutaneous drainage of the abscess along with antibiotics and other supportive measures.

Curso Terapêutica em Gastroenterologia: aula 8: Pancreatite crônica / Course Therapeutics in Gastroenterologia: class 8: Chronic pancreatitis

A pancreatite crônica (PC) é um processo inflamatório crônico do pâncreas, no qual há destruição irreversível do tecido pancreático endócrino e exócrino. A principal forma é a PC calcificante, causada na imensa maioria dos pacientes pelo alcoolismo. A terapêutica visa então abstinência alcoólica, controle da dor abdominal e das insuficiências endócrina (diabetes) e exócrina (esteatorréia). O médico deve estar atento também para possíveis complicações, a exemplo do pseudocisto pancreático.

A Case of R122H Mutation of Cationic Trypsinogen Gene in a Pediatric Patient with Hereditary Pancreatitis Complicated by Pseudocyst and Hemosuccus Pancreaticus / 대한소화기학회지

Hereditary pancreatitis is a rare autosomal dominant inherited disease with 80% penetration rate. The disease is characterized by recurrent episodes of pancreatitis often beginning in childhood, positive family history with at least two other affected members and no known precipitating factors. Most forms of hereditary pancreatitis are caused by one of two commoner mutations, R122H in exon 3 and N29I in exon 2 of the cationic trypsinogen (CT) (PRSS1) gene, located on chromosome 7. These genetic defects are speculated to cause excessive trypsin activity or to prevent inactivation of prematurely activated trypsin, resulting in pancreatitis. We performed mutation analysis of a Korean family with two members having clinically suspicious hereditary pancreatitis. We analyzed the CT gene in DNA samples extracted from peripheral blood of five family members. First of all, polymerase chain reaction and restriction enzyme digestion were performed in exon 3 of the CT gene. And then DNA products were purified and sequenced. We found out that three members of the family, the mother and two daughters, had a R122H mutation of the CT gene. We report the first family of hereditary pancreatitis associated with the CT gene mutation, an arginine to histidine amino acid substitution at residue 122, in Korea.

A Case of Complete Resolution of Mediastinal Pseudocyst and Pleural Effusion by Endoscopic Stenting of Pancreatic Duct

We report a case of a mediastinal pseudocyst with a pleural effusion that developed in a patient suffering from alcohol-related chronic pancreatitis. A 53-year-old man was admitted to another institution complaining of pleuritic chest pain and coughing. A chest X-ray revealed a pleural effusion with a collapse of the right middle and lower lobes. Pleural fluid taken by thoracentesis was exudative, and the patient was transferred to our institution. A CT scan showed a loculated cystic lesion in the mediastinum and pancreatic changes that were consistent with chronic pancreatitis. The endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) findings were compatible with chronic pancreatitis showing severe pancreatic ductal stricture at the head with an upstream dilation and distal bile duct stricture. After a one week of treatment with fasting and octreotide without improvement, both pancreatic and biliary stents were placed endoscopically. After stenting, the pleural effusion and pseudocyst rapidly resolved. The stents were changed 3 months later, at which time a repeated CT demonstrated a complete resolution of the pseudocyst. Since the initial stenting, he has been followed up for 7 months and is doing well with no recurrence of the symptoms, but he will need to undergo regular stent changes. Overall, endoscopic pancreatic stenting appears to be a good option for managing selected cases of mediastinal pancreatic pseudocysts.

Pseudocisto de pâncreas associado a derrame pleural maciço / Pancreatic pseudocyst associated to massive pleural effusion

Os autores relatam um achado de derrame pleural maciço decorrente de pseudocisto de pâncreas. Para auxílio de diagnóstico foram realizadas radiografia, ultra-sonografia, REED, tomografia computadorizada toracoabdominal e dosagem de amilase no líquido pleural. O paciente foi submetido a tratamento clínico com suporte nutricional e toracocentese com esvaziamento pleural de 3.200ml. Após estabilização clínica/nutricional, foi indicada laparotomia, com a retirada do pseudocisto. O paciente apresentou boa evolução no pós-operatório, recebendo alta em boas condições clínicas. A partir do caso relatado, é feita uma revisão da literatura sobre a ocorrência de derrames pleurais associados à doença pancreática e seu diagnóstico

Hemorragia por ruptura de pseudoaneurisma pancreático: caso clínico / Bleeding due to gastroduodenal arterial pseudoaneurysm in a patient with an infected pancreatic pseudocyst: clinical case

We report a 52 year old man with a pancreatic pseudocyst, that was admitted with severe abdominal pain, severe vomiting, fever and malaise. The clinical picture was considered secondary to a pseudocyst infection and the patient was operated, draining the infected cyst performing a necrosectomy and pancreatocystojejunostomy. Forty eight hours after the operation, an ostomy bleeding was detected. A upper mesenteric artery angiography showed two pseudoaneurysms in the gastroduodenal artery, that were embolized. Bleeding stopped initially, but seven days later, it reappeard. The patient was subjected to an emergency pancreatoduodenectomy. Postoperative evolution was uneventful and the patient was discharged two weeks later. Spontaneous bleeding of pseudoaneurysms secondary to chronic pancreatitis is a complication with a 15 to 40 percent mortality that must be bore in mind

Two cases of chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst complicated by obstructive jaundice

We recently treated two cases of chronic pancreatitis with obstructive jaundice due to compression of the common bile duct by pancreatic pseudocyst. The two cases were males admitted with the complaint of icteric skin color. The first, a 46-year-old male, admitted with the complaint of icteric skin color. He was treated by operative cystojejunostomy after percutaneous drainage of the pseudocyst and percutaneous transhepatic biliary drainage. The other case was a 58 year-old male who admitted with the complaint of icteric skin color. He had an infected pseudocyst in the pancreas and was endoscopically treated. Both of them were discharged with favorable clinical course and normal laboratory findings after the treatment. The former patient remained well 11 months after treatment, but the latter patient died from necrotizing pancreatitis and septic shock 6 months after treatment. Most cases of obstructive jaundice associated with pseudocysts appear to be due to fibrotic stricture of the intrapancreatic portion of the common bile duct rather than due to compression of the bile duct by the pseudocyst. In a patient with secondary pancreatic infection or obstructive jaundice following pancreatic disease, differentiating between these two conditions is an important aspect of accurate diagnosis and therapy. Herein we report two unusual cases of chronic pancreatitis with pseudocyst complicated by obstructive jaundice.

Seudoquiste pancreático: presentación de un cso, revisión bibliográfica y estadística / Pancreatica pseudocyst: case report and bibliographic review

El seudoquiste es la complicación más común de la pancreatitis aguda, seguido de los abscesos pancreáticos que son más raros, pero cuya mortalidad es muy alta en relación con los seudoquistes. Las complicaciones restantes de la pancreatitis aguda pueden considerarse dentro de un mismo grupo, ya que son ocasionadas por los efectos necrosantes del proceso patológico, estas son: rompimiento o tromboosis de vasos esplénicos, mesentéricos o portales, necrosis y perforación del colédoco o el colon, y perforación del estómago o del duodeno. En el siguiente trabajo, se hará un estudio acerca de los seudoquistes pancreáticos, los cuales representan más de las tres cuartas partes de todas las lesiones quísticas del páncreas y que aparecen en el 15 por ciento de los pacientes, aproximadamente...

Pancreatitis crónica, un problema oculto. Estudio clínico patológico de 443 casos / Chronic pancreatitis, an occult problem. A clinical pathological study of 433 cases

Objetivo: establecer la frecuencia de la pancreatitis crónica en pacientes del Hospital General de México, las enfermedades asociadas, complicaciones y frecuencia de diagnóstico clínico correcto. Antecedentes: la pancreatitis crónica tiene signos y síntomas inespecíficos, por lo que rara vez es diagnosticada en vida. Se asocia con alcoholismo y litiasis biliar, dos padecimientos endémicos en nuestro país. Método: se trató de un estudio clínico-patológico, retrospectivo en 20 años (1970-1990) de 15,937 autopsias. Resultados: se encontraron 443 casos de pancreatitis crónica (2.7 por ciento del total de autopsias). El 60 por ciento de los casos ocurrió en hombres, El promedio de edad fue de 50 años. Los casos infantiles fueron excepcionales. Las enfermedades asociadas más frecuentes fueron alcoholismo crónico (66.5 por ciento), cirrosis hepática alcohólica (29.5 por ciento), y litiasis biliar (14.9 por ciento). Las complicaciones más comunes fueron diabetes mellitus (20.7 por ciento) y pseudoquistes pancreáticos (4.6 por ciento). El diagnóstico clínico correcto se hizo tan sólo en 7.4 por ciento Conclusiones: éste es la serie nacional más grande de casos publicados y comprobados por autopsia de pancreatitis crónica. La pancreatitis crónica es un problema clínico oculto, casi exclusivo de los autos, y por lo regular no diagnosticado

Pseudoquistes pancreáticos postnecróticos / Pancretic pseudocyst postnecrotic

Considerando múltiples factores que influyen en el proceso evolutivo de los pseudoquistes pancreáticos postnecróticos se efectúa un análisis sobre 34 pacientes asistidos en 3 centros quirúrgicos de nuestra ciudad en el término de 10 años, estableciéndose las distintas alternativas terapéuticas en función de los mismos.